Grid systems
The most common PV system, with the lowest cost and the least maintenance.
Main features
The name of the system itself comes from its way of working, namely – in parallel with the grid. It consists of photovoltaic panels, a grid inverter (one or more) and a distribution board. It does not have batteries. The powers of these systems can vary from 250Wp to infinity, depending on the needs.
The size of such a system is determined mainly by two factors – the area available for installing the photovoltaic system and the size of the investment you are willing to make.
It is important that the location of your building is such that you have a southern exposure, and that you do not have anything around you that could shade you at a given time – trees, buildings, etc.
First option
These systems can operate on two principles – entirely for sale of the electricity produced or for own consumption.
In the first option, the photovoltaic system is connected directly to the electricity grid via an electricity meter and the entire amount produced is exported. At the end of each month, it is reported and after issuing a payment document, you are paid at the price specified in your purchase contract. Currently, the most common 30kW photovoltaic system is because up to this capacity you are guaranteed to purchase energy at a preferential price specified by the Energy Regulatory Commission.
Understandably, the bureaucratic process of legalizing such an investment can worry any potential investor. We assure you that we have been through this process hundreds of times and are fully prepared to take on the burden by preparing all the necessary documents, including a project – part structural and part electrical.
All steps, along with requirements and necessary documents, are presented in this infographic. For additional questions, you can read more on our frequently asked questions page.
Currently, there are three main requirements for the property where you want to build a photovoltaic system for the purpose of selling the energy:
- The property must be regulated by the settlement
- The property must have a massive building built and reflected in the sketch
- The building must be connected to the ERP, that is, you must have electricity in the property
Price for purchasing energy from photovoltaic power plants as of 07/01/2020. with decision C-27 of KEVR:
- Photovoltaic power plant with installed capacity up to 5 kWp, mounted on roofs and facades – 208.80 BGN per megawatt hour excluding VAT.
- FTPP with an installed capacity of up to 5 kWp, installed on roofs and facades - BGN 208.80 per megawatt hour without VAT.
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The average annual duration of operation of the plant is organized up to 1,406 hours, which is equal to 1,406 kWh/kWp net specific production.
Second option
In the second option, the photovoltaic system is connected to your household’s internal network. If there is production from the power plant, the energy produced enters your household’s system. If you have consumption at that moment, it is met as a priority by the photovoltaic system. If, however, the system’s production fails to meet the household’s needs at that moment, the amount of energy that is not enough is supplemented by the external network.
Understandably, the bureaucratic process of legalizing such an investment can worry any potential investor. We assure you that we have been through this process hundreds of times and are fully prepared to take on the burden by preparing all the necessary documents, including a project – part structural and part electrical.
All steps, along with requirements and necessary documents, are presented in this infographic. For additional questions, you can read more on our frequently asked questions page.
On the other hand, if the amount of energy produced is greater than what you currently consume, then you have two options:
- Option 1
The excess amount is fed back into the grid, through a two-way electricity meter installed by the energy transmission company, and this energy is paid to you at a certain price, which is different from the preferential price indicated above.
- Option 2
Limiting production, using a smart meter that detects when there is excess energy. This way you will not have any relationships with the ERP. In this option, it is good to calculate well, the excess should not be more than 15% of the working time, because then the losses will be unreasonably large and it is good to think about one of the other two options.
For Bulgaria, the average operating hours of a photovoltaic system on an annual basis are about 1300 hours. Which means that if, for example, you have a photovoltaic system of 5kWp, then 5 x 1300 = 6500 kW of energy yield can be expected on an annual basis. You should take into account that in summer the production of a system is about 3 times more than in winter.
The optimal angle for installing photovoltaic panels relative to the horizon is 30°-35°, but a deviation of 10° does not have that much of an impact on production.
It is important to know that this system works ALWAYS and ONLY in sync with the grid, which means that if the grid fails (i.e. the power supply), the system will also stop working. This is a European safety directive, which aims to protect against voltage being supplied to the grid when carrying out repair work.
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Standards
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